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Hepatic encephalopathy and prehepatic portal hypertension rat model
A research article published 21 June in the World Journal of Gastroenterology addresses this question. The research team lead by Dr Gabriela Beatriz Acosta, observed that the activity of GS was increased in the hippocampus in PH rats. There was a significant decrease in glutamate uptake in both brain areas, which was more marked in the hippocampus. The decrease in glutamate uptake might be caused by deficient transport function and persistent glutamate activity, which is not metabolised. This leads to severe damage in the cells of the central nervous system (CNS), associated with the presence of moderate ammonia concentration in the blood, as observed in this model. These results demonstrated that partial stricture of the portal vein is able to modify normal function in important areas of the rat brain.
These results suggest that, in PH this pathology, there are differences between both regions of the brain, possibly caused by the toxic metabolic action of ammonia and glutamate, and perhaps glutamine, in the brain, among other factors.
Using this model, it may be possible to understand more clearly the mechanism of toxicity and defence of the brain against the two toxic substances: ammonia and the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. The study is important for understanding of some of the mechanisms related to HE.
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